Stabilising a Solar-Heavy Grid in Central and Eastern Europe: Lessons from Hungary

Synopsis

• Rapid solar growth in CEE is exposing grid congestion, curtailment, and price volatility, with Hungary as a leading example
• Landlocked geography and limited interconnection increase reliance on domestic energy storage for system stability
• Grid designs and market frameworks imported from Western Europe do not fully reflect CEE operational realities
• System modelling shows how different storage durations can relieve midday oversupply and improve renewable utilisation
• Early Hungarian PV and storage projects highlight practical lessons for siting, permitting, and long-term system planning